Engineering Physics

COURSE CONTENT UNIT 1: UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS Need of measurement and unit in engineering and science, definition of unit, requirements of standard unit, systems of units—CGS, MKS and SI, fundamental and derived quantities and their units. Least count and range of measuring instruments, least count of Vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge and spherometer. Definition of accuracy, precision and error, estimation of errors including absolute error, relative error and percentage error, rules for identification of significant figures. Numericals: Percentage error and significant figures. UNIT 2: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 2.1 Elasticity Deforming force, restoring force, elastic body, plastic body, stress and strain with their types, elastic limit, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity and relation between them (without derivation), stress-strain diagram, behaviour of wire under continuously increasing load, yield point, ultimate stress, breaking stress and factor of safety. Numericals: Stress, strain and Young’s modulus. 2.2 Surface Tension Molecular force, cohesive force, adhesive force, molecular range, sphere of influence, Laplace’s molecular theory, definition of surface tension and its SI unit, angle of contact, capillary action with examples, shape of meniscus for water and mercury, relation between surface tension, capillary rise and radius of capillary (without derivation), effect of impurity and temperature on surface tension. Numericals: Relation between surface tension, capillary rise and radius. 2.3 Viscosity Fluid friction, viscous force, definition of viscosity, velocity gradient, Newton’s law of viscosity, coefficient of viscosity and its SI unit, streamline and turbulent flow with examples, critical velocity, Reynolds number and its significance, free fall of spherical body through viscous medium (without derivation), upthrust force, terminal velocity, Stoke’s law (statement and formula). Numericals: Coefficient of viscosity, Reynolds number and Stoke’s law. UNIT 3: HEAT 3.1 Transmission of Heat and Expansion of Solids Three modes of transmission of heat, namely conduction, convection and radiation, good and bad conductors of heat with examples, law of thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal conductivity and its SI unit, definition of linear, superficial and cubical expansion and relation between them (without derivation). Numericals: Law of thermal conductivity and coefficients of expansion 3.2 Gas Laws and Specific Heats of Gases Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Gay-Lussac’s law, absolute zero temperature, Kelvin scale of temperature, general gas equation (statement only), specific gas constant, universal gas constant, two specific heats of gases and relation between them (without derivation), isothermal and adiabatic expansion of gases. Numericals: Gas laws and specific heats UNIT 4: LIGHT, LASER AND SOUND 4.1 Properties of Light Reflection, refraction, Snell’s law, physical significance of refractive index, definition of dispersion, polarization and diffraction of light along with ray diagrams, principle of superposition of waves, interference of light, constructive interference and destructive interference. Numericals: Refractive index. 4.2 LASER Properties of laser, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, population inversion, optical pumping, construction and working of He–Ne laser. 4.3 Sound Definition of wave motion, amplitude, time period, frequency and wavelength, relation between velocity, frequency and wavelength, equation of progressive wave (without derivation), longitudinal and transverse waves, definition of stationary wave, node and antinode, forced and free vibrations, definition of resonance with examples, formula for velocity of sound with end correction (without derivation). Numericals: Relation v = nλ and resonance. UNIT 5: MODERN PHYSICS 5.1 Photoelectric Effect Concept of photon, Planck’s hypothesis, properties of photon, photoelectric effect, characteristics of photoelectric effect, work function, Einstein’s photoelectric equation (without derivation), construction, working and applications of photoelectric cell. Numericals: Energy of photon, work function and photoelectric equation. 5.2 X-rays Introduction to X-rays, types of X-ray spectra including continuous and characteristic spectra, production of X-rays using Coolidge tube, minimum wavelength of X-rays, properties of X-rays, engineering, medical and scientific applications. Numericals: Minimum wavelength of X-rays.

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